Centurion helmet6/26/2023 This fact is related to the introduction of another helmet, probably the most characteristic of the Roman military the so-called imperial-Gallic (varieties A through K). With its conquest by Julius Caesar, these factories and the craftsmen working in them became part of the Roman Empire. The best plants to produce iron helmets were in Gaul. With the Marius reforms at the end of the 2nd century BCE, armaments were mass-produced and the helmets’ appearance was standardized. Initially, Roman helmets of this type were heavily decorated, which was due to the fact that the armaments were provided by the citizens themselves while fighting. The soldiers additionally protected their cheeks by wearing metal plates attached to them. An example is the Hagenau type helmet, which still has the typical shape of a Montefortino, but the protection of the neck has been significantly expanded, the arch above the eyebrows is reinforced, which allows the helmet to be worn more freely when it is not on the head. During this time, it was constantly modified. The Montefortino helmet was derived from the Celtic style. They usually had a plume plug on the tip of the helmet. These helmets were made of brass or bronze with a convex shape, with a small elongation at the back of the neck. Initially, the Montefortino type helmet was used, which was used from the 3rd century BCE to the 1st century CE. Dorsal helmet, first depicted on the coins of Constantine I from the 4th century CEĪuthor: MatthiasKabel | Under Creative Commons Attribution license - On the same terms 3.0.Imperial Italian helmet (Late 1st BCE – Early 3rd CE).Imperial Gallic helmet ( galea) (Late I BCE – Early II CE).Helm of Coolus (III BCE – at least CE 79).During rest or camp work, the helmets were hung on shields placed on the ground. Centurions and senior officers wore helmets with three feathers (crosswise comb) or a horse’s mantle.ĭuring the march, the helmets were worn on the right side of the breast, on a thong placed around the neck. Their combs were usually parallel from ear to ear. The legionary’s helmet was decorated with a plume with short feathers ( iuba or crista), usually during parades or at times when it was necessary to impress the enemy. Legionnaires wore shawls or scarves around their necks to prevent the armor from rubbing against the naked body. A neck protector was attached to the helmet. On the sides there were movable cheek visors ( buccula), which were connected with each other with a thong, tied under the chin. The top of the helmet was strengthened by knobs, rings or a button made of metal that served decorative purposes. It was made of leather covered with a metal sheet. This also applied to helmets, which underwent numerous changes and modifications resulting from the use of materials and production techniques as well as functions (helmets of legionaries, helmets of auxiliary units, cavalry helmets).Ī Roman helmet ( cassis) protected the head of a Roman infantryman, tied under the chin with a leather strap. This was due to the professionalization of the army (more or less from the time of Marius’s reform), in which efforts were made to unify the offensive and defensive armaments of the legionaries. Then they started mass-producing their own helmets ( cassis). Initially, the Romans used Gallic helmets, hence the name Galea (full name cassis-galea).
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